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Shobhit Nirwan Notes Class 9 Matter in Our Surroundings
Shobhit Nirwan Notes Class 9 Matter in Our Surroundings. Solutions are in PDF form below.
Who is Shobhit Nirwan ?
Shobhit Nirwan from Delhi, currently pursuing B.Tech. from Indian Institute of Information Technology Vadodara in IT Branch.
Shobhit Nirwan Notes Class 9 Matter in Our Surroundings Summary.
- Introduction:
- Study of Matter in Our Surroundings focuses on the properties and behavior of matter, which includes solids, liquids, and gases.
- States of Matter:
- Matter exists in three main states: solid, liquid, and gas.
- Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but no fixed shape, while gases have neither a fixed shape nor volume.
- Particle Nature of Matter:
- All matter is composed of tiny particles, including atoms and molecules.
- These particles are in constant motion, and their behavior determines the state of matter.
- Change of State:
- Matter can undergo changes in state through processes like melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation.
- These changes are influenced by temperature and pressure.
- Measurement of Matter:
- The quantity of matter is measured in terms of mass and volume.
- Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while volume is the space occupied by the matter.
- Physical and Chemical Changes:
- Physical changes do not alter the composition of matter, while chemical changes result in the formation of new substances.
- Examples of physical changes include changes in state, while burning and rusting are examples of chemical changes.
- Diffusion and Brownian Motion:
- Diffusion is the spontaneous mixing of particles due to their random motion.
- Brownian motion is the erratic movement of microscopic particles suspended in a fluid, caused by collisions with surrounding particles.
- Laws of Chemical Combination:
- The laws of conservation of mass and definite proportions govern chemical reactions.
- Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, and elements combine in fixed ratios by mass to form compounds.
- Sublimation:
- Some substances can change directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state, a process known as sublimation.
- Conclusion:
- Understanding the properties and behavior of matter in our surroundings is fundamental to various scientific disciplines and everyday experiences.
